References

Siv Mørkved PhD, PT, Kari Bø Professor PhD, PT, Toril Fjørtoft PT
Continence status one year after cessation of organised pelvic floor muscle training.
Followup_poster_Morkved2003.pdf

S. Indrekvam, H. Sandvik, S. Hunskaar
A Norwegian national cohort of 3198 women treated with home managed electrostimulation for urinary incontinence. Effectiveness and treatment results.
cohortstudy.pdf

INKONTINENCE

Bourcier A, Juras J
Prevalence and Incidence of Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Relaxation in Young Female Patients
Int. J. Proctological and Perineal Diseases 1:1, 93-100, 1997

Cardozo L, Kelleher C
Sex Hormones and the Female Lower Urinary Tract - Review Paper
Physiotherapy 80:3, 135-8, 1994 Mar

Cutner A, Cardozo L
Urinary Incontinence - Diagnosis
Practitioner 235: 24, 27-8, 30, 1991 Jan

Cutner A, Carduzo L
Treatment of Incontinence
The Practitioner 235, 98-104, 1991 Feb

Davila GW
Urinary Incontinence in Women. How to Help Patients Regain Bladder Control. (Reveiw)
Postgraduate Medicine 96 (2): 103-10, 1994 Aug

Davis VM
Electric Stimulation: Does Nursing have a Role in the Treatment of Adult Urinary Incontinence?
Urologic Nursing 15 (2): 56-60, 1995 Jun

Dorey G
Post-prostatectomy Incontinence
Physiotherapy 83:2, 68-72, 1997 Feb
Editorial Neurogenic Bladder
J Urol 153: 1467-8, 1995 May

Fall M, Geirsson G, Lindström S
Toward a New Classification of Overactive Bladders
Neurourology and Urodynamics 14:635-646, 1995

Fall M, Lindström S
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Classic and Nonulcer Interstitial Cystitis
Urol Clin of North Am  21:1, 131-9, 1994 Feb

Keane DP, Eckford SD, Abrams P
Surgical Treatment and Complications of Urinary Incontinence
Current Opinion in Obstet & Gynecol 4: 559-64, 1992

Lindström S, Jiang C
Physiological Hyperinnervation of the Bladder
ICS, Prague 1994. Abstract

Malone-Lee J
Recent Developments in Urinary Incontinence in Late Life
Physiotherapy, 80:3, 133-134, 1994 Mar

Mantle J
Focus on Continence
Physiotherapy 80:3, 126-31, 1994 Mar

McIntosh LJ, Frahm JD, Mallet VT, Richardson DA
Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation in the Treatment of Incontinence
J. Reproductive Medicine 38 (9). 662-6, 1993 Sep

Miles B
Incontinence Following Stroke - Personal Perspective
Physiotherapy 80:3, 131-2, 1994 Mar

Rosenthal AJ, McMurthy CT
Urinary Incontinence in the Eldery. Often Simple to Treat when Properly Evaluated
Postgraduate medicine 97(5): 109-16, 121, 1995 May

Samuelsson E, Victor A, Tibblin G
Female Urinary Incontinence and its Effect on Well-being
Abstract, 24th Annual Meeting ICS, Prague 1994

Sayer TR
Stress Incontinence of Urine: a Connective Tissue Problem? Treatment Report
Physiotherapy 80:3, 143-4, 1994 Mar

Schmidt RA, Vapnek JM
Pelvic Floor Behavior and Interstitial Cystitis
Seminars in Urology vol IX, no 2, 154-59, 1991 May

Walters MD, Realini JP, Dougerthy M
Nonsurgical Treatment of Urinary Incontinece
Current Opinion in Obstet & Gynecol  4:554-8, 1992

Weinberger MW
Conservative treatment of Urinary Incontinence (Review)
Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology 38(1): 175-88, 1995 Mar          

ELECTRO STIMULATION

Bernier F, Jenkins P, Davila GW
Evaluation of Pelvic Floor Muscle Contraction with Functional Electrical Stimulation at 20, 30, 50, 100 & 200 Hertz
Abstract, 22^nd Annual meeting IUGA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 1997

Caldwell KPS
Electrical Stimulation
Urol Int 29:225, 1974

Collins CD
Intermittent Electrical Stimulation
Urol Int 29:221, 1974

Delitto A, Strube MJ, Shulman AD, Minor SD
A Study of the Discomfort with Electrical Stimulation
Physical Therapy 72(6): 410-24, 1992 Jun

Dumoulin C, Seaborne DE, Quirion-DeGirardi C,Sullivan SJ
Pelvic-Floor Reeducation With Interferential Currents and Evercise in the Treatment of Genuine Stress Incontinence in Postpartum Women - A Cohort Study.
Physical Therapy 75:12, 1075-1081, 1995 Dec

Dumoulin C, Seaborne DE, Quirion-DeGirardi C,Sullivan SJ
Comparison of Two Surface Electrode Placements During Stimulation of the Pelvic Floor Musculature in Women Who Are Continent using Bipolar Interferential Currents
Physical Therapy 75:12, 1067-1074, 1995 Dec

Eriksén BC
Electrostimulation of the Pelvic Floor in Female Urinary Incontinence - Summary of Doctoral Thesis
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 69, 359-360, 1990

Erlandsson B-E, Fall M, Sundin T
Intravaginal electrical Stimulation. Clinical Experiments on Urethral Closure.
Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl 1978 44:31-39

Esa A, Kiwamoto H, Sugiyama T, Park YC, Kaneko S, Kurita T
Functional Electrical Stimulation in the Management of Incontinence: Studies of Urodynamics
Int Urol Nephr  23 (2), 135-41, 1991

Fall M, Lindström S
Electrical Stimulation. A Physiologic Approach to the Treatment of Urinary Incontinence
Urol Clin North Am 18:393-407, 1991

Fall M, Lindström S
Functional Electrical Stimulation: Physiological Basis and Clinical Principles.
Rewiev Article
Int Urogynecol J 5:296-304, 1994

Fall M
Does Electrostimulation Cure incontinence?
J Urology 132:664-7, 1984

Godec C, Cass AS, Ayala GF
Bladder Inhibition with Functional Electrical Stimulation
Urology 6(6): 663-6, 1975 Dec

Gray M
Electrostimulation in the Management of Voiding Dysfunction
Urologic Nursing 12(2): 73-4, 1992 jun

Ishigooka M, Hashimoto T, Izumiya K, Katoh T, Yaguchi H, Nakada T, Handa Y, Hoshimiya N
Electric Pelvic Floor Stimulation in the Management of Urinary Incontinence due to Neuropathic Overactive Bladder
Frontiers of Medical & Biological Engineering 5(1): 1-10, 1993

Ishigooka M, Hashimoto T, Sasagawa I, Nakada T
Reduction in Norepinephrine Content of the Rabbit urinary Bladder by Alpha-2 Adragenic Antagonist after Electrical Pelvic Floor Stimulation
J Urol 151: 774-5, 1994 Mar

Ishigooka M, Hashimoto T, Sasagawa I, Nakada T, Suzuki Y, Hayami S
Effects of Naloxone on Regional Norepinephrine Content of the Rabbit Urinary Bladder after Electrical Pelvic Floor Stimulation
Urology 45:4, 711-4, 1995 Apr

Jin-Sheng Li, Hassouna M, Sawan M, Duval F, Latt R, Carter K, Collier B, Elhilali MM
Role of Electric Stimulation in Bladder Evacuation Following Spinal Cord Transection
J Urol 147, 1429-34, 1992 May

Kisswetter, von H
Wirkung von Niederfrequenten Strömen auf die beckenbodenmuskulatur.
Fortschritte der Medizin 103:63, 1985  Urologir

Mallisard M, Souquet J, Jullien D
Optimisation of Pulse Duration for Intravaginal Electrical Stimulation: Effect of Tissue Excitability
Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 32(3): 327-30, 1994 May

Martan A, Masata M, Halaska M, Voigt R
Changes in the position of the Urethrovesical Junction During Voluntary Pelvic Floor Contraction and Vaginal Electrical
Stimulation
Abstract, 22^nd Annual meeting IUGA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 1997

Meyer S, Dhenin T, Schmidt N, De Grandi P
Subjective and Objective Effects of Intravaginal Electrical Myostimualtion and Biofeedback in Patients with Genuine Stress Urinary Incontinence
Br J Urol  69: 584-8, 1992

Moore KN
Electrical Stimulation for the Treatment of Urinary Incontinence: Do We Know Enough to Accept it as aPart of our Practice? (Review)
J. Advanced Nursing 20(6): 1018-22, 1994 Dec

Moore KN
Electrical Stimulation and urinary Incontinence: Research and Alternatives (Review)
Urologic Nursing 15(3): 94-6, 1995 Sep

Nakamura M, Sakurai T
Bladder Inhibition By Penile Electrical Stimulation
Br J Urol 56, 413-5, 1984

Ohlsson B, Lindström S, Erlandsson BE, Fall M
Effects of some Different Pulse Parameters on Bladder Inhibition and Urethral Closure during Intravaginal Electrical Stimulation: An Experimental Study in the Cat
Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 24: 27-33, 1986 Jan

Plevink S, Suhel P, Rakovec S
Effects of Functional Stimulation on the Urethral Closing Muscles
Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 15: 155-67, 1977, Mar

Ridge RMAP, Betz WJ
The effect of Selective, Cronic Stimulation on Motor Unit Size in Developing Rat Muscle
J Neuroscience 4:10, 2614-2620, 1984 Oct

Rottembourg J L, Ghoneim M A, Fretin J, Susset J G
Study on the Efficiency of Electric Stimulation of the Pelvic Floor
Investigative Urology vol 13, 5:354-358, 1976

Sotiropoulos A, Yeaw S, Lattimer JK
Management of Urinary Incontinence with electric Stimulation:Observations and Results
J. Urology  116:747-50, 1976, Dec

Tjelnum KB, Lose G, Abel I, Pedersen LM
Electrostimulation of the Pelvic Floor Muscles in Urinary Incontinence (Review) (Danish)
Ugeskrift for Laeger  156(15): 2214-6, 1994 Apr 11

Trontelj JV, Janko M, Godec C, Rakovec S, Trontelj M
Electrical Stimulation for Urinary Incontinence - A Neurophysiological Study
Urol Int 29: 213-20, 1974

Van Kerrebroeck  PhEV
Electrical Stimulation in the Management of Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction
International Continence Survey 4(2): 3-10, 1994 Aug

Wheeler JS, Walter JS, Zaszczurynski PJ
Bladder Inhibition by Penile Nerve Stimulation in Spinal Cord Injury Patients
J Urol 147:100-3, 1992

Vodusek DB
Electrodiagnosis in Pelvic Floor Disorders
Int. J. Proctological and Perineal Diseases 1:1, 65-72, 1997

Yokoyama O, Miyazaki K, Ishida T, Nangao O, Fujita Y, Nagano K, Kawaguchi et al
Experimental and Clinical Evaluation of Functional Electrical Stimualtion of the Anal Sphincter - Abstract
Hinyokika Kiyo - Acta urologica Japonica  38 (10): 1109-15, 1992 Oct

MAXIMAL ELECTRO STIMULATION
MES

Abel I, Ottesen B, Fisher-Rasmussen W, Lose G
Maximal Electrical Stimulation of the Pelvic Floor in the Treatment of Urge Incontinence: A Placebo Controlled Study
Abstract, ICS Athens 1996, Neurourology and Urodynamics 15:4, 283-284, 1996

Bent A E, Sand P K, Ostergard D R, Brubaker L T
Transvaginal Electrical Stimulation in the Treatment of Genuine Stress Incontinence and Detrusor Instability
Int Urogynecol J 4: 9-13, 1993

Brubaker L, Benson JT, Bent A, Clark A, Shott S
Transvaginal Electrical Stimulation for Female Urinary Incontinence
Am J Obstet gynecol 177:3, 536-540, 1997 Sep

Caputo R M, Benson J T, McClellan E
Intravaginal Maximal Electrical Stimulation in the Treatment of Urinary Incontinence
J Reprod Med Vol 38 9:667-671

Eriksen B C, Bergmann S, Eik-Nes S H
Maximal ElectroStimulation of the Pelvic Floor in Female Idiopathic Detrusor Instability and Urge Incontinence
Neurology and Urodynamics 8: 219-230 (1989).

Eriksen B C
Painful Bladder Disease in Women - Effect of Maximal Electric Pelvic Floor Stimulation
Neurology and Urodynamics 8: 362-363, 1989

Eriksen B C, Sand T, Sjaastad O
Detrusor Hyporeflexia After Anterior Sciatic Syndrome. Effect of Shortterm Maximal Electrostimulation
Neurology and Urodynamics 7: 501-506, 1988

Fall M, Ahlström K, Carlsson CA, Ek A, Erlandsson BE, Frankenberg S, Mattiasson A
Contelle-Pelvic floor Stimulator for Female Stress-Urge Incontinence - A Multicenter Study
Urology 27:282-7, 1986

Fossberg E, Sörensen S, Ruutu M, Bakke A, Stien R, Henriksson L, Kinn A-C
Maximal Electrical Stimulation In the Treatment of Uunstable Detrusor and Urge Incontinence
Eur. J. Urology Vol 18 2: 120-123, 1990

Jonasson A, Larsson B, Pschera H, Nylund L
Short-Term Maximal Electrical Stimulation - A Conservative Treatment of Urinary Incontinence
Gynecol Obstet Invest 1990;30 120-123

Ohlsson B L, Fall M, Frankenberg-Sommar S
Effects of External and Direct Pudendal Nerve Maximal Electrical Stimulation in the Treatment of the Unhibited Overactive Bladder
Brittish J Urol, 64 374-380, 1989

Plevnik S, Janez J
Maximal Electrical Stimulation for Urinary Incontinence -Report of 98 cases
Urology vol 14, 6:638-645 1979

Plevnik S, Homan G, Vrtacnik P
Short-Term Maximal Electrical Stimulation for Urinary Incontinence
Urology Vol 24 5: 521-523, 1984

Plevnik S, Janez J, Vrtacnik B, Trsinar B, Vodusek D B
Short-Term Electrical Stimulation: Home Treatment for Urinary Incontinence
World J Urol 4:24-26, 1986

Primus G
Maximal Electrical Stimulation in Neurogenic Detrusor Hyperactivity: Experiences in Multiple Sclerosis
European J. of Medicine 1(2): 80-2, 1992 May

Primus G
Maximal Electrical Stimulation in Detrusor Hyperreflexia in Multiple Sclerosis
24th Annual Meeting ICS Prague 1994, Abstracts

Seim A, Siverrsen B, Eriksen B, Hunskaar S
Treatment of Urinary Incontinence in Women in General Practice: Observational Study
Br. Med. J 1996, 312: 1459-62

Schiötz H A
One Month Maximal Electrostimulation for Genuine Stress Incontinence in Women
Neurology and Urodynamics 13:43-50, 1994

Smith JJ
Intravaginal Stimulation Randomized Trial
J Urol vol 155, 127-130, 1996 Jan

Zöllner-Nielsen M, Samuelsson S M
Maximal Electrical Stimulation of Patients with Frequency,Urgency and Urge Incontinence
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 71, 1992

Blowman C, Pickles C, emery S, Creates V, Towell L, Blackburn N, Doyle N,
Non-surgical Treatment of Stress Incontinence
Lancet  340(8820): 643-4, 1992 Sep 12

Walkden B,
Prospective Double Blind Controlled Trial of Intensive Physiotherapy with and without Stimulation of the Pelvic Floor in treatment of Genuine Stress Incontinence
Physiotherapy 177:10, 661-664, 1991 Oct

Bourcier AP, Juras JC
Nonsurgical Therapy for Stress Incontinence
Urologic Clinics of North America 22(3):613-27, 1995 Aug

Eriksen B C , Eik-Nes S H.
Long-Term Electrostimulation of the Pelvic Floor: Primary Therapy in Female Stress Incontinence?
Urol Int 44: 90-95 1989

Fall M, Erlandsson B E, Nilsson A E, Sundin T
Long-Term Intravaginal Electrical Stimulation in Urge and Stress Incontinence
Scand J Urol Nephrol (Suppl.) 44: (VI):55, 1978

Fall M, Ahlström K, Carlsson CA, Ek A, Erlandsson BE, Frankenberg S, Mattiasson A
Contelle-Pelvic Floor Stimulator for Female Stress-Urge Incontinence - A Multicenter Study
Urology 27:282-7, 1986

Genadry RR
Evaluation and Conservative Management of Women with Stress Urinary Incontinence
Maryland Medical Journal 44:1, 31-35, 1995 Jan

Imprie J J , Wilson P D , George M
Vaginal Electrostimulation for the Treatment of Genuine Stress          Incontinence
Dep. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Otago Medical School, Dunedin, New Zealand

Meyer S, Dhenin T, Schmidt N, De Grandi P
Subjective and Objective Effects of Intravaginal Electrical Myostimualtion and Biofeedback in Patients with Genuine Stress Urinary Incontinence
Br J Urol  69: 584-8, 1992

Sand P K, Richardsson D A, Staskin D et al
Pelvic Floor Stimulation in the Treatment of Genuine Stress Incontinence: A Multicenter Placebo-controlled Trial.
Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 173:1 72-79, 1995

Scott RS, Hsueh GSC
A Clinical Study of the Effects of Galvanic Vaginal Muscle Stimulation in Urinary Stress Incontinence and Sexual Dysfunctions
Am J Obstet Gynecol 135: 663-5, 1979

Thiry A J, Neerdal M, Leblon D
Conservative Treatment of Urinary Incontinence with Electrical Long-Term Endovaginal Stimulation - Preliminary results
(Abstract) Proc Int Cont Soc, 1990, 108

Wilson PD, George M, Imrie JJ
Vaginal Electrostimulation for the Treatment of Genuine Stress Incontinence
Australian NZ Journal Obstet Gynaecol 37:4:1, 1997

Yamanishi T, Yasuda K, Hattori T, Suda S, Hosaka H
Pelvic Floor Electrical Stimulation in the Treatment of Stress Incontinence: A Placebo-controlled Double-blind Trial
Abstract, ICS Athens 1996, Neurourology and Urodynamics 15:4, 283-284, 1996

INTRAVESICAL ELECTRO STIMULATION

Berger D, Berger K, Genton N
Endovesical Transurethral Electrostimulation in the Rehabilitation of Neurogenic Bladder in Children - 4 Years Clinical Experience
Eur. Urol. 4: 33-45 (1978)

Boone TB, Roehrborn CG, Hurt G
Transurethral Intravesical Electrotherapy for Neurpgenic Bladder Dysfunction in Children with Myelodysplasia: A prospective, Randomized Clinical Trial
J Urol 148: 550-4, 1992 Aug

Decter RM, Snyder P, Rosvanis TK
Transurethral Electrical Bladder Stimulation: Initial Results
J Urol 148:651-3, 1992 Aug

Ebner A, Jiang C, Lindström S
Intravesical Electrical Stimulation - An Experimental Analysis of the Mechanism of Action
J. Urol 148: 920-924, Sep 1992

Ebner A, Madersbacher H
Intravesical Electrostimulation. A useful help in the (Re)habilitation of Micturition in Children with a Lazy Bladder Syndrome
Urodynamica 2: 71-73, (1992)

Gladh G, Lindström S, Mattsson S
Development and Evaluation of Intravesical Electrical Stimulation in Children with Weak Detrusor Contractility
(Abstract), Proc Int Cont Soc. p. 86-87, (1991)

Jiang C-H, Lindstrom S
Intravesical Electrical stimulation Induces a Prolonged Decrease in Micturation treshold Volume in the Rat
J. Urol. 155 March 1996

Kaplan W E, Richards I
Intravesical Transurethral Electrotherapy for the Neurogenic Bladder
J. Urol 136: July (1986)

Kaplan W E, Richards I
Intravesical Bladder Stimulation in Myelodysplasia
J. Urol. 140: 1282, 1988

Katona F
Stages of Vegetative Afferentation in Reorganization of Bladder Control during Intravesical Electrotherapy
Urol. Int. 30: 192-203 (1975)

Katona F, Bere´nyi M
Intravesical Transurethral Electrotherapy in Meningomyelocele patients
Acta Paediatrica Academiae Sc Hungaricae Vol 16, (3-4). pp. 363-374 (1975)

Katona F, Eckstein H B
Treatment of Neuropathic Bladder by Transurethral Electrical Stimulation
Lancet, 27: 780, (1974).

Lose G
Persistent Postoperative Urinary Retention Treated with Transurethral Intravesical Electrostimulation - Case Report
Acta Obstet gynecol Scand 74:842-5, 1995

Madersbacher H, Pauer W, Reiner E, Hetzel H, Spanudakis S
Rehabilitation of Micturition in Patients with Incomplete Spinal Cord Lesions by Transurethral Electrostimulation of the Bladder
Eur.Urol. 8: 111-116 (1982)

Madersbacher H, Pauer W, Reiner E
Rehabilitation of Micturation by Transurethral Electrostimulation of the Bladder in Patients with incomplete Spinal Cord Lesions
Paraplegia 20: 191-5, (1982).

Madersbacher H, Hentzel H, Gottinger F, Ebner A
Rehabilitation of Micturition in Adults with Incomplete Spinal Cord lesions by Intravesical Electrotherapy
Neurourol. Urodynam. 6: 230, 1987.

Madersbacher H
Intravesical Electrical Stimulation for the Rehabilitation of the Neuropathic Bladder
Paraplegia, 28: 349, 1990.

Madersbacher H, Ebner A
Intravesical electrostimulation. A Useful Help in the (Re)-habilitaion of Micturition in Children with a Lazy Bladder
Urodinamica 2, 71-73, 1992

Primus G, Trummer H
Intravesical Electrostimulation in Detrusor Hypocontractility- Abstract
Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift  105 (19) :556-7, 1993

Primus G
Intravesical Stimulation in Detrusor Hypokontractility
24th Annual Meeting ICS  Prague 1994,Abstracts, p 262

Seifert J, Heising J, Larkamp H
Experiences and Critical Comments on the Temporary Intravesical Electrostimulation of the Neurogenic Bladder in Spina Bifida Children
Urol Int 33:279-84, 1978

PELVIC FLOOR TRAINING

Allen RE, Hosker GL, Smith ARB, Warrell DW
Pelic Floor Damage and Childbirth: A Neurophysiological Study
Brittish J. of Obstetrics and Gynecology 97: 770-9, 1990

Aukee P, Sarkany A, Penttinen J
Pelvic Floor Muscle Asymmetry: Testing Healthy Volunteers with a New Intravaginal EMG Probe
Int. J. Proctological and Perineal Diseases 1:1, 249-250, 1997

Blowman C, Pickles C, Emery S, Creates V, Towell L, Blackburn N, Doyle N, Walkden B
Prospective Double Blind Controlled Trial of Intensive Physiotherapy with and without Stimulation of the Pelvic Floor in Treatment of genuine Stress Incontinence
Physiotherapy 77:10, 661-4, 1991

Bö K
Vaginal Weight Cones. Theoretical Framework, Effect on Pelvic Floor Strength and Female Stress Urinary Incontinence
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 74: 87-92 (1995)

Bö K
Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise for the Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence. An Exercise Physiology Perspective.
Int Urogynecol J 6: 282-91 (1995)

Bö K, Hagen RH, Kvarstein B, Jorgensen J, Larsen S
Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise for the Treatment of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence:III. Effects of Two Different Degress of Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise
Neurourol. Urodyn 9: 489-502 (1990)

Bö K, Kvarstein B, Hagen R, Larsen S
Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise for the Treatment of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence: II. Validity of Vaginal Pressure Measurements of Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength and the Necessity of Supplementary Methods of Control of  Correct Contraction
Neurourol Urodyn 9: 479-87 (1990)

Bö K, Larsen S, Oseid S, Kvarstein B, Hagen R, Jörgensen J.
Knowledge about and Ability to Correct Pelvic Floor Exercises in Women with Urinary Stress Incontinence
Neurourol Urodyn 7(3) 261-2 (1988)

Bö K, Lilleås F, Talseth T
Dynamic MRI of Pelvic Floor Muscle Contraction and Straining
Abstract, 22^nd Annual meeting IUGA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 1997

Brubaker L, Kotarinos R
Kegel or Cut? Variations on His Theme
J Reproductive Med vol 38, 9:672-678 Dougherty M, Bishop K, Mooney R,            

Deindl FM, Vodusek DB, Hesse U, Schüssler B
Activity Pattern Of Pubococcygeal Muscles in Nulliparous Continent Women
Brittish J. of Urology 72: 46-51, 1993

Dougerthy M, Bishop K, Mooney R, Gimotty P, Williams B
Graded Pelvic Muscle Exercise - Effect on Stress Urinary Incontinence
Journal of Reproductive Medicine 38:9, 684-691, 1993 Sep

Gimotty P, Williams B
Graded Pelvic Muscle Exercise - Effect on Stress Urinary Incontinence
J Reproductive Med vol 38, 9: 684-691, 1993

Hahn I
Pelvic Floor Training for Genuine Stress Urinary Incontinence: Evaluation and Long-Term Results
Doctoral Thesis, Department of Surgery and the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden. 1993

Hahn I, Milsom I, Fall M, Ekelund P
Long-term Results of Pelvic Floor Training in Female Stress Urinary Incontinence
Br. J. Urol. 72: 421-7, (1993)

Hahn I, Nauclér J, Sommar S, Fall M
Urodynamic Assesment of Pelvic Floor Training
World J Urol  9, 162-166, 1991

Karjalainen E, Parkkinen A, Vartiainen MS, Pentinnen J
Conservative Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence: Individual Physiotherapy at the Outpatient Clinic Versus Homebased Pelvic Floor Training with Vaginal Balls
Int. J. Proctological and Perineal Diseases 1:1, 252-253, 1997

Klarskov P, Belving D, Bishoff N, Dorph S, Gerstenberg T, Okholm B, Pedersen et al
Pelvic Floor Exercise versus Surgery for Female Urinary Incontinence
Urol Int  41: 129-32, 1986

Knight SJ, Laycock J
The Role of Biofeedback in Pelvic Floor Re-education - Treatment Report
Physiotherapy 80:3, 145-9, 1994 Mar

Laycock J, Jerwood D
Development of the Bradford Perinometer - Research Report
Physiotherapy 80:3, 139-43, 1994 Mar

Lentz G, Plevnik S, Stanton S L
Vaginal Cones Versus Bladder Drill for Sensory Urgency Treatment
Abstract, 24th Annual Meeting, ICS, Prague 1994

McIntosh L J, Frahm J D, Mallett V T, Richardsson D A
Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation in the Treatment of Incontinence
J Reproductive Med vol 38, 9:662-666

Meyer S, Dhenin T, Schmidt N, De Grandi P
Subjective and Objective Effects of Intravaginal Electrical Myostimualtion and Biofeedback in Patients with Genuine Stress Urinary Incontinence
Br J Urol  69: 584-8, 1992

Mouritsen L, Frimodt-Möller C, Möller M
Long-term Effect of Pelvic Floor Exercises on Female Urinary Incontinence
Br J Urol 68:32-37, 1991

Pieber D, Zivkovic F, Tamussino K, Ralph G
Pelvic Floor Exercise alone or with Vaginal Cones for the Treatment of Mild and Moderate Stress Incontinence in Premenopausal women: A Radomized Trial
Abstract, 24th Annual Meeting, ICS, Prague 1994

Susset J, Galea G, Manbeck K, Susset A
A Predictive Score Index for the Outcome of Associated Biofeedback and Vaginal Electrical Stimulation in the Treatment of Female Incontinence
J Urology 153: 1461-1466, 1995 May

Wall LL
The Muscles of the Pelvic Floor
Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 36(4): 910-25, 1993

Wall LL, Davidsson TG
The Role of Muscular Re-Education by Physical Therapy in the Treatment of Genuine Stress Urinary Incontinence
Obstet. Gynecol Survey 47:5, 322-31, (1992)

ANAL INCONTINENCE

Banti P, Seccia M, Zocco G, Nocita AM, Cavina E
Biofeedback Reeducation for Faecal Incontinence
Int. J. Proctological and Perineal Diseases 1:1, 271-272, 1997

Binnie NR, Kawimbe BM, Papachrysostomou M, Smith AN
Use of the Pudendo-Anal Reflex in the Treatment of Neurogenic Faecal Incontinence
Gut. 31:1051-1055, 1990

Caputo R M, Benson J T
Idiopathic Fecal Incontinence
Obst. Gynecol. 4:565-570, 1992

Cornes H, Bartolt DCC, Stirrat GM
Changes in Anal Canal Sensation after Childbirth
Br J Surg , Vol 78 January, 74-77, 1991

Fox J, Sylvestre L, Freeman JB
Rectal Incontinence: A Team Approach
Physiotherapy 77(10): 665-72, 1991 Oct

Janknegt RA, Baeten CGM, Weil EHJ, Spaans F
Electrically Stimulated Gracilis Sphincter for Treatment of Bladder Sphincter Incontinence
Lancet 340: 1129-30, 1992

Kirsch SE, Shandling B, Watson SL, Gilmour RF, Pape KE
Continence Following Electrical Stimulation and EMG Biofeedback in a Teenager with Imperforate Anus
J Pediatric Surgery, vol 28: 10, 1408-10, 1993

Konsten J, Baeten CGMI, Havenith MG, Soeters PB
Morphology of Dynamic Graciloplasty Compared with the Anal Sphincter
Diseases of the Colon & Rectum  36(6):559-63, 1993 Jun

Larpent J L, Cuer J C, Da Poigny M
Clinical and Manometric Results of Electrical Stimulation in Patients with Anal Incontinence
Colo-Proctology 3: 183-184  IX 1987

Mantle J
Focus on Incontinence
Physiotherapy, 80:3, 126-131, 1994 March

Magrini P, Palotta L, Koch M, Capurso L
Manometric Biofeedback in the Management of Faecal Incontinence and Pelvic Floor Dyssynergia
Int. J. Proctological and Perineal Diseases 1:1, 268-270, 1997

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